Research

Research

Screening Before Struggle: What Kindergarten Profiles Predict

Large-scale evidence that pre-reading skill profiles are stable enough to act on before failure starts.

Large-scale evidence that pre-reading skill profiles are stable enough to act on before failure starts.

Large-scale evidence that pre-reading skill profiles are stable enough to act on before failure starts.

Ola Ozernov-Palchik, Elizabeth Norton, Maryanne Wolf, John Gabrieli, Nadine Gaab, et al.

Kindergarten students in a classroom

Ozernov-Palchik, Norton, Wolf, Gabrieli, Gaab and colleagues in Developmental Science (2016): pre-reading skill profiles identified in kindergarten, including the double-deficit profile, stay stable over time. There is no scientific reason to wait for a child to fail before intervening.

Full citation in Maryanne Wolf’s published CV.

Related in the Nest: The double-deficit hypothesis · Wolf on screening (podcast)

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Evidence-based reading programs grounded in 20+ years of research. Created by Dr. Maryanne Wolf.

© 2026 Nido Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Nido Learning logo

Evidence-based reading programs grounded in 20+ years of research. Created by Dr. Maryanne Wolf.

© 2026 Nido Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.

Nido Learning logo

Evidence-based reading programs grounded in 20+ years of research. Created by Dr. Maryanne Wolf.

© 2026 Nido Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.